Jump to content

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center

Coordinates: 37°56′20″N 122°29′20″W / 37.939°N 122.489°W / 37.939; -122.489
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from San Quentin Prison)
"San Quentin" redirects here. For the person, see Saint Quentin. For other uses, see San Quentin (disambiguation).
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center is located in California
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center is located in the United States
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
LocationSan Quentin, California, U.S.
Coordinates37°56′20″N 122°29′20″W / 37.939°N 122.489°W / 37.939; -122.489
StatusOperational
Security classMinimum–maximum
Capacity3,084
Population3,542 (114.9%) (as of January 31, 2023[1])
OpenedJuly 1852; 172 years ago (July 1852)
Managed byCalifornia Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
WardenChance Andes

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison,[2] is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated[3] place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854,[4] San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison.[5][6][7] Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006.[8] The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.

Facilities

[edit]
San Quentin State Prison
  • Aerial view of San Quentin, including the housing units, yard, education center, and Prison Industry Authority facilities
    Aerial view of San Quentin, including the housing units, yard, education center, and Prison Industry Authority facilities
  • San Quentin's East Gate, the primary entrance for visitors and volunteers
    San Quentin's East Gate, the primary entrance for visitors and volunteers
  • The San Quentin Handicraft Shop, where art created by prisoners is sold. Money from sales goes to the Inmate Welfare Fund and restitution
    The San Quentin Handicraft Shop, where art created by prisoners is sold. Money from sales goes to the Inmate Welfare Fund and restitution

The correctional complex sits on Point San Quentin, which consists of 432 acres (1.75 square kilometers) on the north side of San Francisco Bay.[9][10][11][12] The prison complex itself occupies 275 acres (1.11 km2), valued in a 2001 study at between $129 million and $664 million.[13]

As of July 31, 2022, San Quentin was incarcerating people at 105% of its design capacity, with 3,239 occupants.[14]

Death row

[edit]

Men condemned to death in California were, in general, formerly held at San Quentin. Most of the former death row population, with some exceptions, have been moved to general population in other California institutions as of May 28, 2024. These transfers have been arranged to comply with Proposition 66 and are being managed by the Condemned Inmate Transfer Program of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Of the 620 condemned inmates in California as of October 8, 2024, only 16 remained at San Quentin, with the last 16 inmates expected to also be transferred after completing needed medical or psychiatric care. Despite the transfers, the condemned inmates remain under sentence of death at their new institutions.[7]

Condemned women are held at Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla.[15] As of December 2015, San Quentin held almost 700 male inmates in its Condemned Unit, or "death row."[16] As of 2001, San Quentin's death row was described as "the largest in the Western Hemisphere";[17] as of 2005, it was called "the most populous execution antechamber in the United States."[6] The states of Florida and Texas had fewer death row inmates in 2008 (397 and 451 respectively) than San Quentin.[18]

The death row at San Quentin was divided into three sections: the quiet "North-Segregation" or "North-Seg," built in 1934, for prisoners who "don't cause trouble"; the "East Block," a "crumbling, leaky maze of a place built in 1927"; and the "Adjustment Center" for the "worst of the worst."[6] Most of the prison's death row inmates resided in the East Block. The fourth floor of the North Block was the prison's first death row facility, but additional death row space opened after executions resumed in the U.S. in 1978. The adjustment center received solid doors, preventing "gunning-down" or attacking persons with bodily waste. As of 2016 it housed 81 death row inmates and four non-death row inmates.[19] A dedicated psychiatric facility serves the prisoners. A converted shower bay in the East Block hosted religious services. Many prison programs available for most inmates were unavailable for death row inmates.[16]

Although $395 million was allocated in the 2008–2009 state budget for new death row facilities at San Quentin, in December 2008 two legislators introduced bills to eliminate the funding.[20] The state had planned to build a new death row facility, but Governor Jerry Brown canceled those plans in 2011.[21] In 2015 Brown asked the Legislature for funds for a new death row as the current death row facilities were becoming filled. At the time the non-death row prison population was decreasing, opening room for death row inmates. As of 2015 the San Quentin death row had a capacity of 715 prisoners.[22]

Executions

[edit]
Lethal injection room in San Quentin

All executions in California (male and female) take place at San Quentin.[15] The execution chamber is located in a one-story addition close to the East Block.[19] Women executed in California are transported to San Quentin by bus before being executed.[23]

The methods for execution at San Quentin have changed over time. Prior to 1893, the counties executed convicts. Between 1893 and 1937, 215 people were executed at San Quentin by hanging, after which 196 prisoners died in the gas chamber.[6] In 1995, the use of gas for execution was ruled "cruel and unusual punishment", which led to executions inside the gas chamber by lethal injection.[6] Between 1996 and 2006, eleven people were executed at San Quentin by lethal injection.[24]

In April 2007, staff of the California Legislative Analyst's Office discovered that a new execution chamber was being built at San Quentin; legislators subsequently "accuse[d] the governor of hiding the project from the Legislature and the public."[25] The old lethal injection facility had included an injection room of 43 square feet (4.0 square meters) and a single viewing area; the facility that was being built included an injection chamber of 230 square feet (21 m2) and three viewing areas for family, victim, and press.[26] Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger stopped construction of the facility the next week.[27] The legislature later approved $180,000 to finish the project, and the facility was completed.[28][29]

In addition to state executions, three federal executions have been carried out at San Quentin.[30] Samuel Richard Shockley and Miran Edgar Thompson had been incarcerated at Alcatraz Island federal penitentiary and were executed on December 3, 1948, for the murder of two prison guards during the Battle of Alcatraz.[31] Carlos Romero Ochoa had murdered a federal immigration officer after he was caught smuggling illegal immigrants across the border near El Centro, California. He was executed at San Quentin's gas chamber on December 10, 1948.[31]

On March 13, 2019, after Governor Gavin Newsom ordered a moratorium on the state's death penalty, the state withdrew its current lethal injection protocol, and San Quentin dismantled and indefinitely closed its gas and lethal injection execution chambers.[32]

Programs

[edit]
  • Prison to Employment Connection, A Better Way Out - Prison to Employment Connection is offered to inmates at San Quentin State Prison who are close to their release dates or have a scheduled Parole Board Hearing. After successfully completing a rigorous 14-week employment readiness program, inmates are invited to an Employer Day. Potential employers (PEC Partners) come to the prison to interview inmates, review their resumes, and offer guidance and support for potential employment upon release.[33]
  • VVGSQ – Vietnam Veterans Group San Quentin – Although the group had been meeting for some time, the name officially began on April 7, 1987. In 1988 they started the annual Christmas Toy giveaway, giving toys to visiting children. In 1989 they began the annual scholarship fund for high school seniors. They spend their time raising money and since 1987 have given over $80,000 to the community.[34]
  • The Last Mile started in 2011 under Chris Redlitz (entrepreneur and venture capital) initiative. The program aims to give resources and mentorship to inmates to help them find their way into tech startup entrepreneurship and reduce the rate of recidivism.[35]
  • The San Quentin Drama Workshop began at the prison in 1958 after a performance of Waiting for Godot the previous year.[36]
  • The San Quentin SQUIRES ("San Quentin Utilization of Inmate Resources, Experiences, and Studies") program, which began in 1964, is reported to be the "oldest juvenile awareness program in the United States."[37][38] It involves inmates at the prison interacting with troubled youths for the purpose of deterring them from crime, and was the subject of a 1978 documentary film Squires of San Quentin.[38][39] In 1983, a randomized controlled study was published that found that the program produced no overall reduction in delinquency.[38] The program was still functional as of 2008.[40]
  • Since the 1920s, San Quentin inmates have been allowed to play baseball.[41] Starting in 1994 inmates have played against players from outside the prison.[42][43] The games occur twice a week through the summer.[44] Originally the Pirates,[43] the team of prisoners is called the "Giants" in honor of the San Francisco Giants, who donated uniforms to the team.[41][44] A second team called the Athletics was later started, named after the Oakland Athletics.[45] The team of outside players is called the "Willing". The umpires and fans are inmates, but the coaches on the field are volunteers.[41][44] Although some people question the appropriateness of baseball games being held at the prison, officials believe "organized sports is a way to keep inmates occupied and perhaps teach a few lessons on getting along with others."[41] These games were detailed in a Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel episode on June 20, 2006,[42] and in several other documentaries.
  • San Quentin has the only on-site college degree-granting program in California's entire prison system, which began in 1996 and which is currently run by the Mount Tamalpais College.[46][47]
  • No More Tears Program, co-founded by incarcerated men at San Quentin. This program is committed to stopping the violence in the community and changing the mindset. This program stays alive through donations, volunteers, and CDCR who come into the prison and become involved in the workshops with the incarcerated men: Changing the mindset, Response to Violence, Employability, Fixin' da Hood. All inmates and volunteers are working toward achieving the program's mission: stopping the tears of loved ones and family by being committed to stopping the youth from committing acts of violence.[48]
  • The California Reentry Program at San Quentin, begun in 2003, "helps inmates re-enter society after they serve their sentences."[49]
  • The San Quentin News is the only inmate-produced newspaper in California and one of the few in the world.[50][51][52]

History

[edit]
The sprawling San Quentin prison complex.

Though numerous towns and localities in the area are named after Roman Catholic saints, and "San Quintín" is Spanish for "Saint Quentin", the prison was not named after the saint. The land on which it is situated, Point Quentin, is named after a Coast Miwok warrior named Quentín, fighting under Chief Marin, who was taken prisoner at that place.[53][54]

In 1851, California's first prison opened; it was a 268-ton wooden ship named the Waban, anchored in San Francisco Bay and outfitted to hold 30 inmates.[55][56] Some of the Waban's timber remains a part of the new hospital structure inside the prison. After a series of speculative land transactions and a legislative scandal,[57] inmates who were housed on the Waban constructed San Quentin which opened its first cell block, nicknamed "the Stones," in 1854. Before being retired altogether, this initial unit would come to be used as a dungeon after newer additions were constructed atop it. The Stones, however, survive to this day and is thought to be California's oldest surviving public work.[58]

Clinton Duffy was the warden from 1940 to 1952. He had fresh insights informing the reorganization of the prison structure and reformation of prison management. Prior to Duffy, San Quentin had gone through years of violence, inhumane punishments and civil rights abuses against prisoners. The previous warden was forced to resign.[59] Duffy had the offending prison guards fired and added a librarian, psychiatrists, and several surgeons at San Quentin. Duffy's press agent publicized sweeping reforms. San Quentin remained a brutal prison where prisoners continued to be beaten to death.[60] The use of torture as an approved method of interrogation at San Quentin was banned in 1944.[61]

In 1941, the first prison meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous took place at San Quentin; in commemoration of this, the 25-millionth copy of the AA Big Book was presented to Jill Brown, of San Quentin, at the International Convention of Alcoholics Anonymous in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[62]

In 1947, Warden Duffy recruited Herman Spector to work as assistant warden at San Quentin. Spector turned down the invitation to be assistant warden and chose instead to become senior librarian if he could institute his theories on reading as a program to encourage pro-social behavior. By 1955, Spector was being interviewed in library journals and suggesting the prison library could contribute significantly to rehabilitation.[63]

The dining hall of the prison is adorned by six 20 ft (6.1 m) sepia-toned murals depicting California history. They were painted by Alfredo Santos, one-time convicted heroin dealer and successful artist, during his 1953–1955 incarceration.[64][65] The murals were painted with a thinned, raw sienna oil paint directly to plaster as he was denied use of other colors to paint with.[66]

Between 1992 and 1997, a "boot camp" was held at the prison that was intended to "rehabilitat[e] first-time, nonviolent offenders"; the program was discontinued because it did not reduce recidivism or save money.[67]

A 2005 court-ordered report found that the prison was "old, antiquated, dirty, poorly staffed, poorly maintained with inadequate medical space and equipment and overcrowded."[68] Later that year, the warden was fired for "threaten[ing] disciplinary action against a doctor who spoke with attorneys about problems with health care delivery at the prison."[69] By 2007, a new trauma center had opened at the prison and a new $175 million medical complex was planned.[70]

In 2020, the prison became the center of a COVID-19 outbreak, after a group of prisoners were transferred to San Quentin from the California Institution for Men in Chino, California. Initial reports suggested that San Quentin officials were told that the new inmates had all tested negative; however, few had been tested at all. By June 22, at least 350 inmates and staff had tested positive, in what a federal judge called a "significant failure" of policy.[71]

In March 2023, California governor Gavin Newsom announced a "historic transformation" of the then-called San Quentin State Prison as part of a project to improve public safety through a greater focus on rehabilitation and education.[72] As part of the project, the prison was renamed San Quentin Rehabilitation Center and an advisory group of rehabilitation and public safety experts was formed to advise the efforts.

Notable inmates

[edit]

Current

[edit]
San Quentin up close.
San Quentin prisoners on recreation
  • Vincent Brothers (born 1962): convicted in the shooting and stabbing of five members of his family, including three children. Sentenced to death in 2007.[73]
  • Joseph Danks (born 1962): "Koreatown Slasher" who murdered six homeless men in Los Angeles in 1987. Sentenced to death in 1993 for strangling his cellmate in California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi.[74]
  • Bruce Davis (born 1942): member of the Manson family convicted of the murder of Donald "Shorty" Shea and sentenced to life in 1974.
  • Richard Allen Davis (born 1954): convicted of kidnapping and murdering Polly Klaas.[6] Sentenced to death in 1996.[73]
  • Skylar Deleon (born 1979): former child actor and triple murderer responsible for the deaths of Thomas and Jackie Hawks. Sentenced to death in 2009. One of her accomplices, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was also sentenced to death in 2009.[75]
  • Jon Dunkle (born 1960): convicted of murdering three young boys in Belmont. Sentenced to death in 1990.[76]
  • Wayne Adam Ford (born 1961): convicted of killing four women in 1997 and 1998. Sentenced to death in 2006.[73]
  • Billy Ray Waldon (born 1952): murderer and rapist who killed three people. Sentenced to death in 1987.

Former

[edit]
  • Jeffrey Aguilar: (born 1985) was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of Oxnard business owner, Gurmohinder Singh. On a Saturday morning in August 2008, Singh, known for his check cashing and mini mart businesses, was robbed and fatally shot outside the US Bank on Oxnard Blvd. At the time of the incident, Singh was carrying $100,000 in cash. Aguilar, a known gang member, was linked to the crime through an ATM photo taken at the murder scene. Two days after the incident, he was involved in a shootout with Oxnard Police but escaped.[9] He was captured later in Carpinteria, California. Aguilar's eligibility for the death penalty was based on committing the murder during a robbery while lying in wait and was sentenced to death in 2013.[4]
  • Isauro Aguirre (born 1980): tortured and killed girlfriend's 8-year-old son Gabriel Fernandez along with his girlfriend Pearl Fernandez. Aguirre was sentenced to death and Fernandez to life in prison in 2018. The case was the subject of the Netflix series The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez.[77]
  • Rodney Alcala: serial killer sentenced to death. He was later transferred to Corcoran State Prison where he died.
  • William Dale Archerd: murdered three family members by injecting them with insulin. Sentenced to death but commuted to life in prison. Died from pneumonia in California Medical Facility in 1977.
  • Alejandro Avila (born 1971): the rapist and murderer of 5-year-old Samantha Runnion. Sentenced to death in 2005.[73]
  • Bobby Beausoleil: a former associate of the Charles Manson "Family" currently serving a life sentence in prison.[78]
  • Charles Bolles: alias Black Bart, an American Old West outlaw.[61]
  • Richard Delmer Boyer (born 1958): convicted for stabbing an elderly couple to death while high on alcohol and drugs. Claimed to have been partly influenced by a scene in Halloween II. Sentenced to death in 1984.[79]
  • Luis Bracamontes (born 1970): illegal immigrant who shot and killed two Sacramento police officers and injured a civilian and a third officer. Sentenced to death in 2018.[80]
  • William Bradford: murdered a barmaid and a 15-year-old girl and may have killed as many as 20 women. Died from natural causes in California Medical Facility in 2008.
  • Albert Greenwood Brown (born 1954): convicted rapist and child molester who raped and murdered a teen girl in 1980. Sentenced to death in 1982.[81]
  • Brandon Browner (born 1984): former NFL player found guilty of attempted murder, currently serving eight-year sentence.
  • Edward Bunker: FBI most wanted fugitive who reformed and became an author (he wrote a novel set in San Quentin[82]) and actor. Was sentenced at age 17, the youngest inmate at the time.
  • Rodolfo Cadena: influential member of the Mexican Mafia. Murdered by members of the Nuestra Familia in California Institution for Men in 1972.
  • David Carpenter (born 1930): the "Trailside Killer."[6] Sentenced to death in 1984 and 1988.[73] Carpenter is the oldest inmate currently.
  • Curtis Carroll (born 1968): Murderer turned financial adviser whose insights into investing and trading stock have earned the nickname "Wall Street".[83]
  • Dean Carter (born 1955): serial killer convicted of murdering four women. Sentenced to death in 1985.[84]
  • Steven David Catlin (born 1944): serial killer who poisoned two wives and his mother. Sentenced to death in 1990.[85]
  • Eldridge Cleaver: member of the Black Panther Party, was an inmate between 1958 and 1963.[86]
  • Kevin Cooper (born 1958): convicted for the hatchet and knife massacre of the Ryen family. Sentenced to death in 1985.[73]
  • Joseph Cosey: conman and criminal forger.
  • Henry Cowell: composer, served four years (1936-1940) for homosexual acts with a minor.
  • Tiequon Cox (born 1965): sentenced to death in 1986 for the 1984 murders of four relatives of the former defensive back NFL player Kermit Alexander.[87] He was involved in an escape attempt in 2000.[88]
  • Louis Craine: serial killer who killed at least 4 women. Died from AIDS complications in hospital in 1989.[89]
  • Jonathan Daniel D'Arcy (born 1962): a janitor from Buena Park, was convicted of first-degree murder in the February 2, 1993 burning death of Karen Marie Laborde, a 42-year-old mother of two who identified D'Arcy as her assailant before she died. D'Arcy was sentenced to death in Orange County on April 11, 1997.[90]
  • Scott Dyleski: murdered attorney Daniel Horowitz's wife when he was 16 years old. Was held in San Quentin for several months before being transferred.
  • Sonny Enraca (born 1972): gang member who shot and killed Boyz n the Hood actor Dedrick D. Gobert during an altercation. Sentenced to death in 1996.
  • Pedro Espinoza (born 1989): 18th Street gang member who murdered Jamiel Shaw II. Sentenced to death in 2013.[91]
  • John Famalaro (born 1957): sentenced to death on September 6, 1997, for the kidnap, rape, and murder of 23-year-old Denise Anette Huber, from Newport Beach, California, in 1991. Famalaro abducted and murdered Denise on June 3, 1991.[92] He was caught in July 1994 when police found her body in an icebox where he had kept her for three years.[93]
  • Richard Farley (born 1948): perpetrator of the Sunnyvale ESL shooting. Sentenced to death in 1992.[73]
  • Rickie Lee Fowler (born 1984): convicted of setting the Old Fire that caused the deaths of five people. Sentenced to death in 2012.[94]
  • John Linley Frazier: mass murderer and religious fanatic. Sentenced to death in 1971 but commuted to life in prison. Committed suicide by hanging in Mule Creek State Prison in 2009.
  • Gerald Gallego: serial killer and rapist who kidnapped young girls to keep as sex slaves before killing them with his wife as an accomplice. Was initially sentenced to death in San Quentin but was transferred to Nevada State Prison in 1984 to be executed for murders committed in that state. Died from cancer in Nevada Prison in 2002.
  • Alex García: boxer and former gang member who stabbed a rival to death.
  • Michael Gargiulo (born 1976): serial killer who killed at least three women. Sentenced to death in 2021.[95]
  • Willie Earl Green: wrongfully convicted of murder and exonerated.
  • Griffith J. Griffith: industrialist who shot his wife through the eye.
  • Steve "Clem" Grogan: a former associate of the Charles Manson "Family". Released in 1985.
  • Jose Guerrero (born 1973): serial killer who killed at least three women from 1995 to 1998. Sentenced to death in 2009.[96]
  • Merle Haggard: singer who spent time in San Quentin from 1958 to 1960.
  • Billy Ray Hamilton: hitman who murdered three witnesses for Clarence Ray Allen in 1980. Died of natural causes in hospital in 2007.
  • Charles Ray Hatcher: serial killer who murdered two young boys in the Bay Area. Released in 1977.
  • Larry Hazlett (born 1948): convicted of the 1978 rape and murder of 20-year-old Rosamond beauty queen Tana Woolley. Sentenced to death in 2004.
  • Glenn Helzer (born 1970): founder of the Children of Thunder cult, alongside his brother Justin Helzer and his girlfriend Dawn Godman, who murdered five people in 2000. Sentenced to death in 2005. Justin hanged himself in 2013.[73][97]
  • Ivan Hill (born 1961): serial killer who killed at least nine women from 1979 to 1994. Sentenced to death in 2007.[98]
  • Robert Hohenberger: suspected serial killer who served three years for kidnapping two girls in 1971.
  • Eric Houston (born 1972): perpetrator of the Lindhurst school shooting spree that left three students and a teacher dead. Sentenced to death in 1993. The subject of the made-for-television movie Detention: The Siege at Johnson High.
  • Ryan Hoyt (born 1979): associate of Jesse James Hollywood, convicted of the murder of Nicholas Markowitz. Sentenced to death in 2003.[73]
  • Michael Hughes (born 1956): serial killer who killed at least seven women from 1986 to 1993. Sentenced to death in 1998.[99]
  • Michael Wayne Hunter: former death row prisoner and writer who murdered his father and stepmother. Death sentence commuted to life in prison and currently incarcerated in Pleasant Valley State Prison.
  • Jang In-hwan: Korean independence activist who assassinated former American diplomat Durham Stevens in 1908.[100]
  • Emrys John, Tyrone Miller, and Kesaun Sykes: former marines convicted of torturing and murdering Jan Pawel and Quiana Jenkins Pietrzak in 2008. All three were sentenced to death while a fourth accomplice, Kevin Cox, was sentenced to life in prison.[101]
  • Tomoya Kawakita: Japanese-American dual citizen convicted of treason for aiding Japan during World War II. Tomoya Kawakita appealed his conviction to the United States Supreme Court in Kawakita v. United States. Originally held in San Quentin for his upcoming execution before his death sentence was commuted to life in prison.
  • Roger Kibbe: serial killer who admitted to seven murders in Northern California. Killed at Mule Creek State Prison in 2021.
  • Randy Kraft (born 1945): serial killer who was convicted of 16 murders and suspected of 51 others. Sentenced to death in 1989.[73]
  • Chol Soo Lee: wrongly convicted of murdering a gang boss and sentenced to life in prison. Was sentenced to death for killing an inmate during a fight but was released in 1983 with help from the Free Chol Soo Lee Defense Committee.[102]
  • John Irving Lewis (born 1971): a member of the Gang of Four who were convicted in the Puente Hills Mall Murders in the summer of 1991.[103]
  • Gunner Lindberg (born 1975): stabbed a Vietnamese man to death in a racially motivated attack. Sentenced to death in 1996.[104]
  • Bruce Lisker: wrongly convicted in the 1983 murder of his mother, Dorka, when he was 17. Exonerated and released from prison in 2009, at age 44.[105]
  • Russ Little: member of the Symbionese Liberation Army accused of, but eventually acquitted of, the murder of educator Marcus Foster. Released and moved to Hawaii.[106]
  • Franklin Lynch (born 1955): convicted serial killer and robber who is suspected in the murders of 13 elderly women in the East Bay during the summer of 1987. He was only charged for 3 murders and was sentenced to death in 1992.
  • Dorothy Mackaye, #440960, a woman, served less than ten months of a one- to three-year sentence in 1928[107][108][109][110]
  • Kelvin Malone: convicted spree killer who murdered several people in California and Missouri. He was sentenced to death in both states and was extradited to Missouri in 1999 where he was executed.[111][112]
  • Charles Manson: leader of the Manson family. Transferred to multiple prisons during his life. Died from cancer in hospital on November 19, 2017.[113]
  • Jarvis Jay Masters (born 1962): convicted and sentenced to death for participating in the murder of Corrections Officer Hal Burchfield. Sentenced to death in 1990.[73]
  • Timothy Joseph McGhee (born 1973): Toonerville Rifa 13 member believed to have shot at least 12 people between 1997 and 2001 and attempted to kill two LAPD officers in an ambush. Sentenced to death in 2009.[114]
  • Charles "Chase" Merritt (born 1957): murdered the McStay family for financial gain. Sentenced to death in 2020.[115]
  • Andrew Mickel (born 1979): shot a police officer to death at a gas station. Sentenced to death in 2006.[116]
  • S. S. Millard: controversial filmmaker.
  • Barry Mills: leader of the Aryan Brotherhood, incarcerated during the 1970s for armed robbery. Died in ADX Florence in 2018.[117]
  • Jim Mitchell, prominent in the strip club and pornography businesses in San Francisco, spent 1994–1997 in San Quentin for murdering his brother Artie.[118]
  • Thomas Mooney: political activist and labor leader who was wrongly accused of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing of 1916. Originally sentenced to death and then life in prison before being pardoned in 1939.
  • Michael Morales (born 1959): convicted for the brutal murder of Terri Winchell. Sentenced to death in 1983.[73]
  • Frank Morgan: saxophonist and heroin addict who formed an ensemble with Art Pepper.
  • Joe "Pegleg" Morgan: influential and first white member of the Mexican Mafia. Died from cancer in Corcoran State Prison in 1993.
  • Ed Morrell, accomplice to the Evans-Sontag rail robbery gang; spent five years in solitary confinement;[119] known as the "Dungeon Man" of San Quentin;[120] pardoned in 1908 and became a well-known advocate of prison reform.
  • Wallace Fard Muhammad: founder of the Nation of Islam.
  • Joseph Naso (born 1934): serial killer who raped and murdered at least six women. Sentenced to death in 2013.[121]
  • Earle Nelson: serial killer and necrophile who raped and murdered at least 21 women and an infant boy in the 1920s. Spent time in San Quentin for breaking and entering as a teenager.
  • Charles Ng (born 1960): serial killer who tortured and murdered 11 people with Leonard Lake (died by suicide by cyanide after arrest in 1985). Finally, Ng was extradited from Canada to the United States, and sentenced to death in February 1999.[73]
  • Michael "Irish" O'Farrell: Hells Angels leader
  • Raymond Lee Oyler (born 1971): convicted of setting the Esperanza Fire that claimed the lives of five firemen. Sentenced to death in 2009.[122]
  • Gerald Parker (born 1955): serial killer and rapist who killed at least six women and an unborn baby. Sentenced to death in 1999.[123]
  • Art Pepper: saxophonist and heroin addict who formed an ensemble with Frank Morgan.
  • Scott Peterson (born 1972): convicted of the murder of his pregnant wife Laci Peterson and their unborn child, Conner, in a much-publicized trial. Sentenced to death in 2005, resentenced to life without parole in 2021.[73][124]
  • Gregory Powell: kidnapped two policemen and shot one of them dead in the Onion Field Murder. Sentenced to death but commuted to life in prison. Died from cancer in California Medical Facility in 2012.
  • Alfredo Prieto: serial killer and gang member who raped and shot five people in Southern California in 1990. Was transferred to Virginia and executed there for a double murder in 2015.[125]
  • Cleophus Prince Jr. (born 1967): serial killer who raped and murdered six women in San Diego in 1990. Sentenced to death in 1993.[126]
  • Richard Ramirez: serial killer known as "The Night Stalker,"[6] convicted of killing 13 people. Sentenced to death in 1989.[127] Died of lymphoma in hospital in 2013.
  • David Allen Raley (born 1961): security guard who kidnapped and tortured two teenage girls, killing one of them. Sentenced to death in 1988.[128]
  • Hans Reiser: developer of the ReiserFS file system and convicted for the murder of his wife, sentenced to 15 years to life in 2008.[129] He is currently at Mule Creek State Prison.[130]
  • Joe Remiro (born 1947): member of the Symbionese Liberation Army who murdered educator Marcus Foster in 1973. Incarcerated in Pelican Bay State Prison.[131]
  • Abe Ruef: San Francisco political boss, for bribery.
  • Ramon Salcido (born 1961): convicted in 1989 of seven murders, including six relatives and his boss. Sentenced to death in 1990.[132]
  • San Quentin Six: six inmates who participated in a riot during an escape attempt in 1971 that resulted in the deaths of six people. Fleeta Drumgo was shot dead after he was released in 1979 and Hugo Pinell was stabbed to death during a riot in 2015 after spending 45 years in solitary confinement.[133][134]
  • Vincent Sanchez (born 1973): the "Simi Valley Rapist". Serial rapist convicted of 75 counts including a first degree murder charge, felony kidnapping, burglary, rape, and other sex offense charges against numerous victims. Sentenced to death in 2003.[135]
  • Sanyika Shakur: Member of the Crips and author. Spent 36 months in San Quentin.
  • Glen Sherley: musician who spent time in San Quentin in the 1960s.
  • Wesley Shermantine (born 1966): one half of the Speed Freak Killers serial killer duo, believed to have killed as many as 70 people. Sentenced to death in 2001. His accomplice, Loren Herzog, committed suicide in 2012.[136]
  • Thomas Silverstein: leader of the Aryan Brotherhood, incarcerated during the 1970s for armed robbery. Died in ADX Florence in 2019.[137]
  • Mitchell Sims (born 1960): convicted May 20, 1987, of the hotel-room murder of Domino's Pizza deliveryman John Harrington in Glendale; also sentenced to death in South Carolina for the murders of two Domino's employees in that state. Sentenced to death in 1987.[73]
  • Lawrence Singleton: raped and cut the forearms off a teenage girl before leaving her for dead. Was controversially released after serving eight years and was forced to live on the grounds of San Quentin in a trailer while on parole.[138] Murdered a woman in Florida and died in North Florida Reception Center in 2001.[139]
  • Sirhan Sirhan: assassin of Robert F. Kennedy, sent to death row at San Quentin in May 1969.[140] After the California Supreme Court struck down the death penalty as cruel and unusual punishment, Sirhan was transferred to Correctional Training Facility.[141] He is currently at Donovan State Prison.
  • Cary Stayner (born 1961): serial killer convicted of killing four women in Yosemite. Sentenced to death in 2002.[73]
  • William Suff (born 1950): serial killer convicted of murdering 12 women in Riverside County. Sentenced to death in 1995.[73]
  • Regis Deon Thomas (born 1970): convicted of the murders of three people including two Compton Police officers. Sentenced to death in 1995.[73]
  • Danny Trejo: actor—inmate between 1965 and 1968.
  • Chester Turner (born 1966): serial killer convicted of murdering 14 women in Los Angeles between 1987 and 1998. Sentenced to death in 2007.[73]
  • John Pence Wagner: prison evangelist-inmate between 1966 and 1972. writer of the poem featured on the rear cover of the 1971 album "Guilty!" by Jimmy Witherspoon and Eric Burdon. Died from cancer in 1999.
  • Darnell Keith Washington (born 1988): convicted of killing a woman during a home invasion. Sentenced to death in 2016.[73]
  • Tex Watson: a former associate of the Charles Manson "Family" currently serving a life sentence in prison.
  • Ward Weaver Jr. (born 1947): father of convicted murderer Ward Weaver III, who shot and killed two teenagers. Sentenced to death in 1985.
  • Marcus Wesson (born 1946): convicted of killing nine of his family members. Sentenced to death in 2005.[73]
  • David Westerfield (born 1952): convicted of kidnapping and killing seven-year-old Danielle van Dam. Sentenced to death in 2003.[73]
  • Anthony Wimberly: serial killer arrested for grand theft auto. Currently incarcerated in Mule Creek State Prison.
  • Earlonne Woods: convicted of attempted armed robbery. Most known for his work in co-creating and co-hosting the award-winning podcast, Ear Hustle along with Nigel Poor. His sentence was commuted by Governor Jerry Brown on November 30, 2018.[142]
  • Daniel Wozniak (born 1984): convicted of murdering and dismembering Samuel Herr and then murdering Julie Kibuishi in a plot to steal money to fund his wedding. Sentenced to death in 2016.[73]

Deaths in prison

[edit]
  • Stuart Alexander: convicted in the 2000 shooting deaths of three USDA meat officials he claimed were harassing him. Sentenced to death in 2004. Died from a pulmonary embolism on December 27, 2005.[143]
  • Robert Biehler: serial killer responsible for four murders in Los Angeles. Died from cancer on January 10, 1993.
  • Lawrence Bittaker: serial killer convicted of torturing and murdering five teenage girls. Found dead in his cell on December 13, 2019[73]
  • Richard Chase: "vampire killer," in 1979 sentenced to death in gas chamber for murdering six people. Committed suicide by drug overdose on December 26, 1980.[144]
  • Doug Clark: serial killer and necrophile who killed six women with a female accomplice. Sentenced to death in 1983. Died of natural causes on October 11, 2023.[145]
  • Robert Wayne Danielson: serial killer who was sentenced to death for two murders that occurred in Mendocino County. Committed suicide by hanging on September 7, 1995.[146]
  • Mack Ray Edwards: child sex abuser/serial killer who buried bodies under freeways on which he worked. Committed suicide by hanging in prison cell on October 30, 1971.
  • Lonnie David Franklin, Jr.: convicted of ten murders and one attempted murder in Los Angeles, California. The attacker was dubbed the "Grim Sleeper" because he appeared to have taken a 14-year break from his crimes from 1988 to 2002. Found dead in his cell on March 28, 2020.[147][148]
  • Phillip Carl Jablonski: convicted of killing five women. Found dead in his cell on December 27, 2019.[73]
  • George Jackson: co-founder of the Black Guerrilla Family and one of the Soledad Brothers. Shot to death during an escape attempt on August 21, 1971.[149]
  • Anthony McKnight: serial killer, rapist, and kidnapper sentenced to death for the murders of five women in 1985. Found dead in his cell on October 17, 2019.[150]
  • James Mitose: martial artist convicted of murder. Died from diabetes complications on March 26, 1981.[151]
  • J. C. X. Simon: member of a group of Black Muslims who committed racially motivated murders in San Francisco in the 1970s known as the Zebra murders. Found dead in his cell on March 12, 2015.[152]
  • Morris Solomon, Jr.: serial killer convicted of murdering six women in Sacramento. Sentenced to death in 1992.[73] Died on August 1, 2024.[153]
  • Mark Squires: sex offender convicted of assaulting minors in Riverside County. Found dead in his cell on September 17, 2024, with a homicide investigation pending.[154]
  • Anthony Sully: serial killer and former police officer convicted of murdering six people in Burlingame in 1983. Sentenced to death in 1986.[155] Died of natural causes on September 8, 2023.[156]
  • Andrew Urdiales, serial killer who killed eight women. Committed suicide on November 2, 2018.[157]
  • Brandon Wilson: convicted in the 1998 slashing death of nine-year-old Matthew Cecchi. Sentenced to death in 1999.[73] Committed suicide on November 17, 2011.[158][159]
  • Leung Ying: mass murder who killed 11 people on a farm with a rifle and hatchet. Sentenced to death and committed suicide in his cell two weeks before his execution.[160]
[edit]

In 2020, 12 death row inmates at San Quentin died in the span of less than two months after a COVID-19 outbreak. All of the inmates were hospitalized before their deaths.[161]

  • Richard Eugene Stitely, 71, died on June 24, 2020.[162]
  • Joseph S. Cordova, 75, died on July 1, 2020.[163]
  • Scott Erskine, 57, and Manuel Machado Alvarez, 59, both died on July 3, 2020.[164][73]
  • Dewayne Michael Carey, 59, died on July 4, 2020.[165]
  • David John Reed, 60, died on July 7, 2020.[166]
  • Jeffrey Jay Hawkins, 64, died on July 15, 2020.[167]
  • Troy Adam Ashmus, 58, died on July 20, 2020.[168]
  • John Michael Beames, 67, died on July 21, 2020.[169]
  • Johnny Avila Jr., 62, died on July 26, 2020.[170]
  • Orlando Gene Romero, 48, died on August 2, 2020.[171]
  • Pedro Arias, 58, died on August 9, 2020.[172]

Executed

[edit]
The San Quentin gas chamber originally employed lethal hydrogen cyanide gas for the purpose of carrying out capital punishment. It was later converted to a lethal injection execution chamber but was restored to its original purpose when a new lethal injection chamber was built.
  • Theodore Durrant: convicted of murdering two women in San Francisco. Executed by hanging on January 7, 1898.[173]
  • Willie Louis: son of Ah Louis, convicted of the murder of Gon Ying Louis. Executed by hanging on December 16, 1912.[174]
  • Louis Fortine: convicted of murdering his employer, Peter M. Furrer, and Furrer's wife and infant. Executed by hanging on July 21, 1916.[175]
  • Mose Gibson: convicted of murdering a man but confessed to seven total murders before his death. Executed by hanging on September 24, 1920.[176]
  • William Edward Hickman: convicted of kidnapping, mutilating, and murdering 12-year-old Marion Parker, died by hanging on October 19, 1928.[177]
  • Gordon Stewart Northcott: convicted of killing three boys in the Wineville Chicken Coop Murders, executed by hanging on October 2, 1930.[178]
  • Ed Davis: bank robber who killed a warden during an escape attempt from Folsom State Prison. Executed by gas chamber on December 16, 1938.
  • William Johansen: serial killer who murdered three women, including his wife, in New York and California between 1933 and 1940; executed by gas chamber on September 5, 1941.[179]
  • Juanita Spinelli: first woman executed in San Quentin's gas chamber on November 22, 1941.[180]
  • Raymond "Rattlesnake James" Lisenba: convicted of killing his wife, he was the last man to be executed by hanging in California on May 1, 1942.[181]
  • Sam Shockley and Miran Edgar Thompson: convicted of killing a guard in the 1946 Battle of Alcatraz escape attempt, executed together in the gas chamber on December 3, 1948.[182]
  • Louise Peete: convicted murderer, executed in the gas chamber on April 11, 1947.[183]
  • Billy Cook: murderer of Carl Mosser, his wife Thelma, their three small children and motorist Robert Dewey. He died in the gas chamber on December 12, 1952.[184]
  • Lloyd Gomez: convicted serial killer who murdered nine homeless men, executed in the gas chamber on October 16, 1953.[185]
  • Barbara Graham: convicted murderer, executed in the gas chamber on June 3, 1955.[186]
  • Burton Abbott: convicted of the rape and murder of a teenage girl; executed in the gas chamber on March 15, 1957.[187]
  • Vender Duncan: convicted of raping and murdering two elderly women, executed in the gas chamber on May 29, 1959.[188]
  • Harvey Glatman: convicted of raping and strangling two women, he died in the gas chamber on September 18, 1959.[189]
  • Caryl Chessman: convicted rapist, was given the death penalty in 1948 and executed on May 2, 1960.[190] The last man executed in California for a sexual offense that did not also involve murder.
  • Henry Busch: convicted serial killer who murdered three women and planned to murder a fourth. Executed by gas chamber on June 6, 1962.[191]
  • Elizabeth Ann Duncan: convicted of hiring two men to kill her daughter-in-law, executed by gas chamber on August 8, 1962. Fourth and last woman to be executed in San Quentin.[192]
  • Aaron Mitchell: convicted of shooting a Sacramento police officer, executed by gas chamber on April 12, 1967.[193]
  • Robert Alton Harris: convicted of murdering two boys after serving time for manslaughter, died in the gas chamber on April 21, 1992.[194]
  • David Mason: convicted serial killer, he was the last man to be executed in the gas chamber on August 24, 1993.[195]
  • William Bonin: convicted serial killer, the "Freeway Killer" (one of three men to have the same nickname) became the first person in California history to be executed by lethal injection on February 23, 1996.[196]
  • Keith Daniel Williams: convicted triple murderer, executed by lethal injection on May 3, 1996.[197]
  • Thomas Martin Thompson: convicted of the 1981 killing of Ginger Fleischli, executed by lethal injection on July 14, 1998.[198]
  • Jaturun Siripongs: convicted of two 1981 murders, executed by lethal injection on February 9, 1999.[199]
  • Manny Babbitt: convicted murderer who died by lethal injection on May 4, 1999.[200]
  • Darrell Keith Rich: convicted serial killer, executed by lethal injection on March 15, 2000.[201]
  • Robert Lee Massie: convicted murderer, executed by lethal injection on March 27, 2001.[202]
  • Stephen Wayne Anderson: contract killer and serial killer, executed by lethal injection on January 29, 2002.[203]
  • Donald Beardslee: convicted serial killer, executed by lethal injection on January 19, 2005.[204]
  • Stanley "Tookie" Williams: convicted spree killer, co-founder and early leader of the Crips street gang. Author (several children's books about his experience at San Quentin[205]) and cause célèbre. Executed by lethal injection on December 13, 2005.[206]
  • Clarence Ray Allen: convicted for ordering the killing of three people. At age 76, he was the oldest person ever executed in California (by lethal injection on January 17, 2006) and the last in the entire state of California.[207]

Administration

[edit]
  • Leo Stanley (1886 – 1976), American surgeon who served as the Chief Surgeon from 1913 to 1951.[208]

In media

[edit]

Television

[edit]

Performances and music videos

[edit]
  • Country music singer Johnny Cash performed at San Quentin at least twice in his career. The first was in 1958, which included among its audience members a young and incarcerated Merle Haggard; Haggard was inspired to pursue music after being released in part because of that concert.[210] Eleven years later, on February 24, 1969, Cash played another live concert for the prison inmates. The 1969 concert was released as an album At San Quentin and as a television documentary Johnny Cash in San Quentin (filmed by Granada Television). "A Boy Named Sue," taken from the concert, was Cash's only Billboard Hot 100 top ten hit, peaking at number two, and winning the 1970 Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance. During the concert, the song "San Quentin," about an inmate's loathing for the prison, received such an enthusiastic response that Cash immediately played an encore.[211]
  • In 1990, B. B. King recorded Live at San Quentin in the prison; it won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1991.[212]
  • On November 19, 1957, San Francisco Actors Workshop put on a performance of Waiting for Godot, despite concerns the audience of 1,400 prisoners would not understand the play, it received a standing ovation and would inspire inmates to perform the play[213]
  • In 2003, heavy metal band Metallica filmed the music video for their song "St. Anger" from the album of the same name in San Quentin, which featured many of the prison inmates and security staff, and also included then-new bassist Robert Trujillo for the first time since being inducted into the band. Parts of the filming of the "St. Anger" video and behind the scenes were included in the group's Some Kind of Monster film in 2004.
  • On September 7, 2022, the hard rock band Nickelback released a song named “San Quentin”.

Film

[edit]

Fiction, literature and publications

[edit]

Gang-pulp author Margie Harris wrote a story on San Quentin for the short-lived pulp magazine Prison Stories. The story, titled "Big House Boomerang," appeared in the March 1931 issue. It used San Quentin's brutal jute mill as its setting. Harris' knowledge of the prison came from her days as a newspaper reporter in the Bay Area, and her acquaintance with famous San Quentin prisoner Ed Morrell.[222]

The 1915 novel The Star Rover by Jack London was based in San Quentin. A framing story is told in the first person by Darrell Standing, a university professor serving life imprisonment in San Quentin State Prison for murder. Prison officials try to break his spirit by means of a torture device called "the jacket," a canvas jacket which can be tightly laced so as to compress the whole body, inducing angina. Standing discovers how to withstand the torture by entering a kind of trance state, in which he walks among the stars and experiences portions of past lives.

Podcasts

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation: Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight January 31, 2023" (PDF). California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Internal Oversight and Research. January 31, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  2. ^ "Governor Newsom Announces Historic Transformation of San Quentin State Prison". 18 March 2023.
  3. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Marin County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 39 (PDF p. 40/46). Retrieved 2022-08-13. San Quentin State Prison
  4. ^ a b Bookspan, Shelley (1991). A germ of goodness: the California state prison system, 1851-1944. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8032-1216-9.
  5. ^ San Quentin State Prison (SQ) (2009). "Mission Statement". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on August 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Fimrite, Peter (20 November 2005). "Inside death row. At San Quentin, 647 condemned killers wait to die in the most populous execution antechamber in the United States". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
  7. ^ a b "Condemned Inmate Transfer Program". Capital Punishment. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. August 6, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  8. ^ Hu, Hattie (August 5, 2017). "Death row inmates sentenced in Sacramento region have waited an average of 21 years". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017.
  9. ^ a b Gould, Pam (November 2, 2009). "Does San Quentin need a new Death Row?". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010.
  10. ^ "Sell San Quentin". Los Angeles Times. June 1, 2009. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012.
  11. ^ "Editorial: "Sell San Quentin" | News | CCPOA California Correctional Peace Officers Association". www.ccpoa.org. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
  12. ^ "County of Marin – Community Development Agency" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
  13. ^ Department of General Services (June 2001). "Preliminary Analysis of Potential Reuse and Relocation of San Quentin Prison" (PDF). State of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-31. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ "California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation: Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight July 31, 2022" (PDF). California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Internal Oversight and Research. July 31, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  15. ^ a b Legislative Counsel of California. Penal Code section 3600-3607 Archived 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 13, 2009. "The judgment of death shall be executed within the walls of the California State Prison at San Quentin." and "Upon the affirmance of her appeal, the female person sentenced to death shall thereafter be delivered to the warden of the California state prison designated by the department for the execution of the death penalty,[...]"
  16. ^ a b St. John, Paige. "A rare peek at San Quentin's death row, and conversations with inmates awaiting their fates as political battles swirl Archived 2016-03-29 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Times. December 29, 2015. Retrieved on March 22, 2016.
  17. ^ Nieves, Evelyn. Rash of violence disrupts San Quentin's death row. New York Times, May 22, 2001. Accessed January 13, 2009.
  18. ^ The death penalty in 2008: year end report. Archived 2008-12-21 at the Wayback Machine Washington, DC: Death Penalty Information Center, December 2008. Accessed January 13, 2009.
  19. ^ a b St. John, Paige. "A revealing look at California's death row Archived 2016-03-16 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Times. January 5, 2016. Retrieved on March 22, 2016.
  20. ^ Egelko, Bob. 2 lawmakers team up to oppose new Death Row. Archived 2009-01-03 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, December 17, 2008. Accessed January 13, 2009.
  21. ^ Riley, Charles. "California cancels new San Quentin death row Archived 2012-05-08 at the Wayback Machine." CNN. April 28, 2011. Retrieved on May 9, 2012.
  22. ^ "California's death row, with no executions in sight, runs out of room Archived 2016-03-30 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Times. March 30, 2015. Retrieved on March 22, 2016.
  23. ^ Corwin, Miles. "Death's Door : State's Only Condemned Woman Awaits Her Fate ." Los Angeles Times. April 19, 1992. Retrieved on March 22, 2016.
  24. ^ Zimmers, Teresa A.; Sheldon, Jonathan; Lubarsky, David A.; López-Muñoz, Francisco; Waterman, Linda; Weisman, Richard; Koniaris, Leonidas G. (2007). "Lethal Injection for Execution: Chemical Asphyxiation?". PLOS Medicine. 4 (4): e156. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040156. PMC 1876417. PMID 17455994.
  25. ^ Martin, Mark. "New execution chamber infuriates lawmakers. Facility at San Quentin was built quietly" Archived 2009-06-15 at the Wayback Machine. San Francisco Chronicle, April 14, 2007. Accessed January 12, 2009.
  26. ^ State of California lethal injection protocol Archived 2008-12-08 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 16, 2009.
  27. ^ Gov. Schwarzenegger stops construction of lethal injection facility Archived 2008-10-26 at the Wayback Machine. April 20, 2007. Accessed January 16, 2009.
  28. ^ Chorneau, Tom. "Death chamber delayed by budget standoff, may miss Oct. 1 deadline" Archived 2009-06-10 at the Wayback Machine. San Francisco Chronicle, August 7, 2007. Accessed January 16, 2009.
  29. ^ Mintz, Howard. State decides to seek public input on execution plan Archived 2012-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. San Jose Mercury News, January 6, 2009. Accessed January 16, 2009.
  30. ^ "Executions of Federal Prisoners (since 1927) Archived 2013-02-15 at the Wayback Machine." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
  31. ^ a b https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x_9JAAAAIBAJ&pg=3652,1017239 [permanent dead link]
  32. ^ Bollag, Sophia. "'Ineffective, irreversible and immoral:' Gavin Newsom halts death penalty for 737 inmates". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  33. ^ "Home". Prison2ec.org.
  34. ^ "Veterans Group San Quentin". Archived from the original on 2015-03-21. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
  35. ^ 'San Quentin Prison Demo Day Gives Entrepreneurs Behind Bars A Second Chance'. Archived 2017-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Techcrunch, Feb, 22, 2013.
  36. ^ Berton, Justin. When 'Waiting for Godot' played San Quentin. Archived 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, December 23, 2008. Accessed January 10, 2009.
  37. ^ City Youth Now. Programs. SQUIRES. Archived 2008-08-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed January 10, 2009.
  38. ^ a b c Lewis, Roy V. Scared Straight – California style: evaluation of the San Quentin Squires Program. Archived 2009-05-15 at the Wayback Machine Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 10, no. 2, June 1983, pages 209–226.
  39. ^ Squires of San Quentin at IMDb
  40. ^ Hindery, Robin. Lessons through life. Daily Democrat (Woodland, CA), February 24, 2008.
  41. ^ a b c d Kosa, Frank. Prison baseball team gives inmates a focus beyond their cells. Archived 2008-09-06 at the Wayback Machine Christian Science Monitor, July 2, 2008.
  42. ^ a b Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel. Episode 111. Story 2: A Game of Years. Archived 2008-10-16 at the Wayback Machine June 20, 2006. Accessed January 2, 2009.
  43. ^ a b The 700 Club. "San Quentin's Death Row Chaplain". Christian Broadcasting Network. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ a b c Souders, Travis. San Quentin baseball offers local team, inmates perspective. Archived 2009-01-08 at the Wayback Machine Chico Enterprise-Record, August 10, 2008. Accessed January 2, 2009.
  45. ^ Ross, Tommy Shakur (October 30, 2014). "The San Quentin All-Stars and their field of dreams". KALW. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  46. ^ MacLaren, Becca. "San Quentin inmates get diplomas, set goals." Archived 2008-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Marin Independent Journal, June 29, 2007. Accessed January 10, 2009.
  47. ^ Prison University Project. History and background. Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Accessed January 10, 2009.
  48. ^ No More Tears. No More Tears Program Archived 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine Accessed November 15, 2009.
  49. ^ Moody, Shelah. California Reentry Program gives ex-cons a second chance. Archived 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, December 9, 2007. Accessed January 12, 2009.
  50. ^ Taylor, Michael (28 March 2009). "San Quentin inmate newspaper fills need to know". SF Gate. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  51. ^ "San Quentin News – Prison Media Project". Yahoo. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  52. ^ Pishko, Jessica (29 Jan 2014). "The News from San Quentin, Part 1". Gunerica. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014. The San Quentin News staff produce a 20-page paper that matches any outside publication in quality and depth of reporting although, unlike most publications, the subject matter focuses on the world within the walls of San Quentin: sports rivalries, notable staff retirements, and the success of rehabilitative programs
  53. ^ Sliney, Edgar M. (Ted). "A History of Mission San Rafael, Archangel." Archived 2010-03-13 at the Wayback Machine Marin County Historical Society Magazine. vol. XV, no. 1, 1989, pp. 4–13.
  54. ^ Gudde, Erwin G. California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. ISBN 0-520-24217-3.
  55. ^ California Department of Justice. "California Criminal Justice Time Line 1822–2000." Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Accessed January 8, 2008.
  56. ^ Ewell, Miranda. "San Quentin Sets Its History Free. Famed Prison To Detail Its Past In New Museum." San Jose Mercury News. May 27, 1991.
  57. ^ "San Quentin Prison: The Origins of the California "Corrections" System - FoundSF". Foundsf.org. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  58. ^ Brown, Patricia Leigh. San Quentin journal. Prison makes way for future, but preserves past. Archived 2015-10-19 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, January 18, 2008. Accessed January 7, 2009.
  59. ^ Petersilia, J. California's correctional paradox of excess and deprivation., in M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime & Justice: A review of research (2008). page 207
  60. ^ Cummings, Earl. The Rise and Fall of California's Radical Prison Movement, |date=1994. page 27
  61. ^ a b Reed, Dan. "Killer Location May Doom San Quentin Prison." San Jose Mercury News. August 20, 2001.
  62. ^ "Alcoholics Anonymous : Press Releases". Archive.today. Archived from the original on 2013-09-03. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  63. ^ Spector, Herman. Library program of the California state department of corrections, |date=1957.Special Libraries, 48,7.
  64. ^ Russell, Ron. "Hidden Treasure: Half a century ago, ex-heroin dealer Alfredo Santos created an epic work of art inside San Quentin." Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine SF Weekly. July 23, 2003.
  65. ^ Hall, Christopher. A prisoner with a paintbrush, a legacy at risk. Archived 2017-03-12 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, August 19, 2007. Accessed January 3, 2009.
  66. ^ Hall, Christopher (2007-08-19). "A Prisoner With a Paintbrush, a Legacy at Risk". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
  67. ^ Doyle, Jim. Boot camp inmates' final salute. Alternative prison program to end as its effectiveness is debated. Archived 2009-06-10 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, July 29, 1997, Accessed January 13, 2009.
  68. ^ Gladstone, Mark. San Quentin 'decrepit' – medical experts decry state of facility inspectors find 'cruelty and neglect,' say health care mandate is ignored investigating state prisons. San Jose Mercury News, April 14, 2005.
  69. ^ Martin, Mark. San Quentin warden fired over health care. State's investigation led to dismissal, says corrections official. Archived 2009-06-10 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, July 8, 2005. Accessed January 9, 2009.
  70. ^ Whitaker, Tad. Trauma center unveiled at San Quentin. Marin Independent Journal, June 15, 2007.
  71. ^ Cassidy, Megan; Fagone, Jason (June 22, 2020). "Federal judge: San Quentin COVID-19 outbreak result of 'significant failure'". San Francisco Chronicle.
  72. ^ "Governor Newsom Announces Historic Transformation of San Quentin State Prison". California Governor. 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  73. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Division of Adult Operations. "Death Row Tracking System Condemned Inmate List (Secure)" (PDF). California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-30. Retrieved 2019-06-30. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  74. ^ "Man Gets Death Sentence for Killing Cellmate". Los Angeles Times. 4 April 1993. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  75. ^ "Skylar Deleon gets death sentence in Newport Beach yacht murders". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  76. ^ "Dunkle gets life in prison". SFGate. Hearst Newspapers. January 6, 1995. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  77. ^ "Cuándo será ejecutado Isauro Aguirre, el asesino del niño Gabriel Fernandez". Radiofornula.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  78. ^ "The Artist's Journey – a prisoner's path to redemption". Transcript of comments made by Bobby in an interview with Plethora magazine, Copenhagen. Bobby BeauSoleil website. Accessed December 21, 2017.
  79. ^ "San Quentin inmate loses bid to have death penalty sentence overturned". Mynewsla.com. 4 May 2016.
  80. ^ "Local crime". Sacbee.com.
  81. ^ "Murderer's execution blocked by state high". Sfgate.com. 2010-09-30.
  82. ^ Bunker, Edward. The animal factory. New York: Viking Press, 1977. ISBN 0-670-12709-4.
  83. ^ "Murderer turned stock picker is 'Oracle of San Quentin'". marketwatch.com.
  84. ^ "Deadman Talking". Deadmantalking.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  85. ^ "Man Found Guilty of Poisoning Wife with Paraquat". Apnewsarchive.com.
  86. ^ Cummins, Eric. The rise and fall of California's radical prison movement. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. Pages 95–96. ISBN 0-8047-2232-3.
  87. ^ United Press International. Killer of four sentenced to die. Daily News of Los Angeles, May 1, 1986.
  88. ^ Pence, Angelica (July 27, 2000). "Death row inmates' breakout thwarted. San Quentin guards see big safety problems". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  89. ^ "Prosecutor Concludes Southside Slayer Case". Los Angeles Times. 19 April 1989. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  90. ^ "Jonathan Daniel d'Arcy – California Death Row". Archived from the original on 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2015-01-26.
  91. ^ "Gang member sentenced to die in star athlete's killing". Los Angeles Times. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  92. ^ Hernandez, Greg (September 6, 1997). "Killer Who Froze Body Sentenced to Die". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  93. ^ "In The News: John Joseph Famalaro". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  94. ^ "Man gets death sentence in 2003 forest fire that killed 5 people". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  95. ^ "Michael Gargiulo, the 'Hollywood Ripper' Serial Killer, Sentenced to Death". People.com.
  96. ^ "Convicted Serial Killer Jose Guerrero Going to Death Row". KFSN-TV. June 23, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  97. ^ "Justin Helzer hangs himself in prison". Sfgate.com. 15 April 2013.
  98. ^ "60 Slayer sentenced to death". Dailybulletin.com. 21 March 2007.
  99. ^ "Inmate accused of murder in deaths of four women over 7-year span - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2008-09-26. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
  100. ^ Dudden, Alexis (2004). Japan's Colonization of Korea: Discourse and Power. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-0-8248-2829-5.
  101. ^ "INT: Verdicts read in Murrieta murders". Inlandnewstoday.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  102. ^ Egelko, By Bob (17 December 2014). "Chol Soo Lee, famed for murder conviction and release, dies at 62". Sfgate.
  103. ^ "Local Death Row Convicts from San Gabriel Valley". 17 July 2014.
  104. ^ "Death penalty upheld in O.C. hate killing". Los Angeles Times. 30 August 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  105. ^ Glover, Scott and Lait, Matt, "Lisker's 'surreal' return to society" "Los Angeles Times," August 23, 2009
  106. ^ "Guerilla – The Taking of Patty Hearst". Sydney Morning Herald. 24 March 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  107. ^ "Dorothy Mackaye Released from Prison". Delaware County Daily Times. Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. January 2, 1929. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  108. ^ Gene Coughlin, "Tragedies of the Stage", Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph (September 12, 1948), p. American Weekly, p. 7.
  109. ^ "Dorothy Mackaye". Deranged LA Crimes. November 22, 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  110. ^ "Convict No.44,960". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, PA. March 2, 1928. p. 3. Retrieved 6 April 2022. via Google News Archive
  111. ^ Lhotka, William C. (April 27, 1984). "Killer Favors California Death Row". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 6. Retrieved November 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  112. ^ "State executes man convicted of murder". The Springfield News-Leader. January 13, 1999. p. 14. Retrieved November 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  113. ^ Lopez, Pablo. "Charles Manson Transferred to Corcoran Prison." Fresno Bee, March 16, 1989.
  114. ^ "L.A. gang leader called 'monster,' sentenced to death". Los Angeles Times. 10 January 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  115. ^ "Charles Merritt Sentenced to Death for Killing McStay Family, Burying Their Bodies in Mojave Desert". Ktla.com. 21 January 2020.
  116. ^ "State Supreme Court upholds cop killer's death sentence". Eu.redd.ing.com.
  117. ^ "Blood In, Blood Out: The Violent Empire of the Aryan Brotherhood" Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, by John Lee Brook. Crime Magazine, September 12, 2009. Accessed December 29, 2017.
  118. ^ Sward, Susan. Porn king Jim Mitchell walks out of prison today. Served three years for killing his brother. Archived 2009-06-15 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, October 3, 1997. Accessed January 12, 2009.
  119. ^ "Five Years in the Solitary Dungeon", by Jack Jungmeyer, The San Francisco Sunday Call, February 14, 1909.
  120. ^ The Encyclopedia of American Prisons, Carl Sifakis, Facts on File, Inc., 2003.
  121. ^ "Marin judge sentences Joseph Naso to death row for murders of six women". Mercurynews.com. 22 November 2013.
  122. ^ Kelly, David (June 5, 2009). "Oyler sentenced to death for starting Esperanza fire". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  123. ^ "Man Sentenced to Death in Killings". Los Angeles Times. 22 January 1999. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  124. ^ "Scott Peterson, convicted of killing pregnant wife, Laci Peterson, resentenced to life in prison". NBC News. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  125. ^ "Virginia executes serial killer Alfredo Prieto after appeals fail". TheGuardian.com. 2 October 2015.
  126. ^ "The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search".
  127. ^ Webber, Dawn. Ramirez gets death sentence for 13 murders. Daily News of Los Angeles, November 8, 1989.
  128. ^ "U.S. Supreme Court turns down killer David Allen Raley's appeal". Mercurynews.com. October 2007.
  129. ^ Lee, Henry K. Reiser seeks to appeal – says lawyer 'hates me'. Archived 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, November 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2009.
  130. ^ Reiser, Hans. Declaration of service by mail. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Superior Court of California, County of Alameda, case RG08406864, April 11, 2009. Accessed April 22, 2009.
  131. ^ "For paralyzed meth addict, worst is over". Sfgate.com. 4 December 2009.
  132. ^ "Killer of 7 Gets Penalty of Death". The New York Times. 1990-11-17. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  133. ^ "Daytona Beach Morning Journal". News.google.com.
  134. ^ "Death of infamous inmate triggers California prison riot: Who was Hugo Pinell?". Christian Science Monitor. 13 August 2015.
  135. ^ Wilson, Tracy (November 5, 2003). "Sanchez Receives Death Sentence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  136. ^ "'Speed freak killer' hints at 14 bodies near Clear Lake". mercurynews.com. 25 July 2012.
  137. ^ "Thomas Silverstein, America's Most Isolated Prisoner, Dead at 67". Westword.com.
  138. ^ Taylor, Michael. Lawrence Singleton, despised rapist, dies. He chopped off teenager's arms in 1978. Archived 2009-07-03 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, January 1, 2002. Accessed January 14, 2009.
  139. ^ "Early Release Set for Man Who Cut Off Arms of Girl He Raped". Los Angeles Times. 16 October 1986. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  140. ^ "Sirhan Transferred to San Quentin in Secret Night Flight." Los Angeles Times, May 24, 1969.
  141. ^ Gorney, Cynthia. "Sirhan Sirhan Feels 10 Years Is Long Enough in Prison." Los Angeles Times. September 23, 1979.
  142. ^ Beard, David. "Earlonne Woods made an amazing podcast—and it won him His Freedom". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  143. ^ "SAN QUENTIN / Sausage king dies in his cell on Death Row / Cause of death not known for man who murdered 3". Sfgate.com. 28 December 2005.
  144. ^ Notorious galleries. Richard Chase. The "Vampire Killer." Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine Sacramento Bee. Accessed January 10, 2009.
  145. ^ "People v. Clark (1992) 3 C4th 41". Online.ceb.com.
  146. ^ "Death row inmate hangs self". United Press International. 15 September 1995. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  147. ^ Hernandez, Miriam (August 10, 2016). "Convicted serial killer Lonnie Franklin Jr., also known as the 'Grim Sleeper,' was formally sentenced to death". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  148. ^ "'Grim Sleeper' serial killer Lonnie Franklin dies on death row at San Quentin". Los Angeles Times. 29 March 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  149. ^ "Bangor Daily News - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  150. ^ "Alameda County Serial Killer Dies on San Quentin's Death Row". Sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com. 18 October 2019.
  151. ^ Relf, Ken (Winter 2012). "James Mitose's Prison Years" (PDF). Kosho-Ryu Kenpo Newsletter. 1 (1). Mitose's International Kosho-Ryu Kenpo Association (M.I.K.K.A.): 1–4 – via Google Scholar.
  152. ^ Fimrite, By Peter (14 March 2015). "Infamous 'Zebra killer' found dead in San Quentin cell". San Francisco Chronicle.
  153. ^ "Condemned Incarcerated Person Morris Solomon Jr. Dies". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  154. ^ Pehling, Dave (19 September 2024). "San Quentin inmate death being investigated as a homicide". CBS News.
  155. ^ "Ex-Police Officer Convicted Of Six Murders". Apnews.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  156. ^ "Condemned Incarcerated Person Anthony J. Sully Dies of Natural Causes". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. September 11, 2023. Archived from the original on September 12, 2023.
  157. ^ "Convicted SoCal killers Andrew Urdiales, Virendra Govin found dead in San Quentin". Abc7.com. 6 November 2018.
  158. ^ "Correction: Death Row Suicide story". Apnews.com. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  159. ^ Stickney, Rebecca; Krueger, Paul (2011-11-17). "O'side Restroom Killer Commits Suicide". NBC 7 San Diego. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  160. ^ "San Jose News - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  161. ^ "Coronavirus: These killers died on San Quentin's Death Row". The Mercury News. 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  162. ^ "Condemned Inmate Richard Eugene Stitely Dies". News Releases. 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  163. ^ "Condemned Inmate Joseph Safarino Cordova Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  164. ^ "Condemned Inmates Scott Erskine and Manuel Alvarez Die". News Releases. 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  165. ^ "Condemned Inmate Dewayne Carey Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  166. ^ "Condemned Inmate David Reed Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  167. ^ "Condemned Inmate Jeffrey Hawkins Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  168. ^ "Condemned Inmate Troy Ashmus Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  169. ^ "Condemned Inmate John Beames Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  170. ^ "Condemned Inmate Johnny Avila Jr. Dies". News Releases. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  171. ^ "Condemned Inmate Orlando Romero Dies". News Releases. 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  172. ^ "Condemned Inmate Pedro Arias Dies (corrected)". News Releases. 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  173. ^ Durrant dies. Los Angeles Times, January 8, 1898.
  174. ^ "The Tribune from San Luis Obispo, California on December 6, 1912 · 1". 6 December 1912.
  175. ^ "Los Angeles Herald 21 July 1916 — California Digital Newspaper Collection".
  176. ^ "South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, July 24, 1920, Morning Edition, Image 1". 24 July 1920.
  177. ^ Healey, Floyd J. Fiend pays with life. Hickman faints on gallows. Los Angeles Times, October 20, 1928.
  178. ^ Healey, Floyd J. Northcott executed. Confusing notes left behind. Los Angeles Times, October 3, 1930.
  179. ^ Espy, M. Watt (September 5, 1941). "Summary of the execution of William Johansen". University at Albany Archives. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  180. ^ "WOMAN EXECUTED IN GAS CHAMBER; Gang-Leading Grandmother, 52, First of Sex Legally Put to Death in California". The New York Times. 1941-11-22.
  181. ^ James pays with life in wife killing. Former barber hanged at San Quentin for 'rattlesnake murder.' Los Angeles Times, May 2, 1942.
  182. ^ Two Alcatraz convicts die in gas chamber. Los Angeles Times, December 4, 1948.
  183. ^ Sherman, Gene. Louise Peete meets doom, calm till end. Smile of farewell given to warden from gas chamber. Los Angeles Times, April 12, 1947.
  184. ^ Cook, slayer of six, dies in gas chamber. Los Angeles Times, December 13, 1952.
  185. ^ "Itinerant Farm Laborer Executed". Petaluma Argus-Courier. October 16, 1953. p. 4. Retrieved November 11, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  186. ^ Babs, Santo, Perkins gassed after delays. Los Angeles Times, June 4, 1955.
  187. ^ Gov. Knight call late to halt Abbott death; telephoned reprieve for kidnap-slayer comes as pellets fall. Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1957.
  188. ^ "Killer Goes To Death in Gas Chamber". The Press Democrat. May 29, 1959.
  189. ^ Models' killer Glatman dies. Los Angeles Times, September 19, 1959.
  190. ^ Chessman denies guilt as he dies. Los Angeles Times, May 3, 1960.
  191. ^ "noirish Los Angeles - Page 406 - SkyscraperPage Forum". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
  192. ^ "A Mother's Love Was the Death of Her Daughter-in-Law". Los Angeles Times. 20 January 2002. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  193. ^ "Crime: Stirrings on Death Row". Time. 21 April 1967.
  194. ^ Morrison, Patt. Final legal war troubling to both sides. Reaction: Most remain firm in views on capital punishment. But many agree that chaotic court wrangling added an aura of inhumanity to the proceedings. Los Angeles Times, April 22, 1992.
  195. ^ Killers are executed in Texas and California. New York Times, August 25, 1993. Accessed January 4, 2009.
  196. ^ Chiang, Harriet, Kevin Fagan, and Henry K. Lee. 'Freeway Killer' put to death. Bonin loses last-ditch appeals. Archived 2009-06-15 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, February 23, 1996. Accessed January 4, 2009.
  197. ^ "Executed Inmate Summary – Keith Daniel Williams". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  198. ^ "Inmate Said Goodbyes, Then Died". Los Angeles Times. July 15, 1998. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  199. ^ "Executed Inmate Summary – Jaturun Siripongs". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  200. ^ Brooks, Clark. War hero's life ends in death chamber. San Diego Union-Tribune, May 5, 1999.
  201. ^ "Executed Inmate Summary - Darrell Keith Rich". Cdcr.ca.gov.
  202. ^ "Executed Inmate Summary – Robert Lee Massie". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  203. ^ Grenda, Tim, and Robert T. Garrett. Killer of Inland woman dies: Executed: Stephen Wayne Anderson murdered a Bloomington piano teacher in 1980. Press-Enterprise (Riverside, CA), January 29, 2002.
  204. ^ Fagan, Kevin, Bob Egelko and Peter Fimrite. Donald Beardslee executed. Killer put to death at San Quentin. Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback MachineSan Francisco Chronicle, January 19, 2005. Accessed January 4, 2009.
  205. ^ Williams, Stanley Tookie, and Barbara Cottman Becnel. Life in prison. New York: Morrow Junior Books, 1998. ISBN 0-688-15589-8.
  206. ^ Kershaw, Sarah. Crips gang co-founder is executed. Archived 2012-06-26 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, December 13, 2005. Accessed January 4, 2009.
  207. ^ Doyle, Jim, Bob Egelko, and Stacy Finz. Ailing killer executed at age 76. Condemned for 3 slayings, Allen is oldest ever put to death in state. Archived 2009-06-10 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle, January 17, 2006. Accessed January 4, 2009.
  208. ^ Dowd, Katie (13 August 2019). "The San Quentin prison doctor who performed over 10,000 human experiments". SFGATE. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  209. ^ "Lockup: San Quentin Extended Stay". NBC News. 10 September 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  210. ^ Attributed to Larkin, Colin, The Encyclopedia of Popular Music; 'Licensed by Muze'. "Merle Haggard Biography". Oldies Biography. Oldies. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  211. ^ Black, C. Clifton. The man in the black: Johnny Cash. Christian Century, October 4, 2003. Accessed January 2, 2009.
  212. ^ And The Winner Of The Grammy Is... Seattle Times, February 21, 1991. Accessed January 2, 2009.
  213. ^ Berton, Justin (23 December 2008). "When 'Waiting for Godot' played San Quentin". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  214. ^ Men of San Quentin (1942). Archived 2013-05-15 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. Accessed January 11, 2009.
  215. ^ Crowther, Bosley. Movie review. Dark Passage (1947). New York Times, September 6, 1947. Accessed January 12, 2009.
  216. ^ Duffy of San Quentin (1954). Archived 2009-06-10 at the Wayback Machine New York Times. Accessed January 11, 2009.
  217. ^ Blake, Gene. Famed warden Duffy of San Quentin dead at 84. Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1982.
  218. ^ Nixon, Rob. Behind the camera on Take the Money and Run. Archived 2009-06-09 at the Wayback Machine TCM This Month. Accessed January 12, 2009.
  219. ^ "10 THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU". Awesomefilm.com. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  220. ^ Alexander, Bryan (July 10, 2013). "Octavia Spencer: The help behind 'Fruitvale Station'". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  221. ^ "Venom Credits Scene Explained: What to Know About Carnage". Time. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
  222. ^ Locke, John; editor. City of Numbered Men: The Best of Prison Stories, Off-Trail Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-1-935031-11-6.
  223. ^ Larson, Sarah (August 16, 2017). ""Ear Hustle": The Podcast Made Inside San Quentin". The New Yorker.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ashcroft, Lionel "San Quentin Prison, Its Early History and Origins" in Marin County Historical Society Magazine, Vol XVII Spring 1993
  • Bonner, John C. Hang tough: San Quentin. Minneapolis: Bethany Fellowship, 1968.
  • Bookspan, Shelley. A Germ of Goodness: The California State Prison System 1851–1944. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1991
  • Braly, Malcolm. False starts: a memoir of San Quentin and other prisons. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976. ISBN 0-316-10614-3.
  • Burke, Dennis. Doing time: finding hope at San Quentin. New York: Paulist Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8091-4527-0.
  • Davidson, R. Theodore. Chicano prisoners; the key to San Quentin. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. ISBN 0-03-091616-X.
  • Duffy, Clinton T., and Dean Southern Jennings. The San Quentin story. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1950.
  • Lamott, Kenneth Church. Chronicles of San Quentin; the biography of a prison. New York: D. McKay Co., 1961.
  • Leibert, Julius A., and Emily Kingsbery. Behind bars; what a chaplain saw in Alcatraz, Folsom, and San Quentin. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.
  • Leshne, Carla. "San Quentin Prison: The Origins of the California Corrections System" FoundSF San Quentin Prison: The Origins of the California "Corrections" System - FoundSF
  • Liberatore, Paul. The road to hell: the true story of George Jackson, Stephen Bingham, and the San Quentin Massacre. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996. ISBN 0-87113-647-3.
  • Nichols, Nancy Ann, James Delahunty, and Alan Hammond Nichols. San Quentin inside the walls. San Quentin, CA: San Quentin Museum Press, 1991. ISBN 0-9630115-2-9.
  • Owen, Barbara A. The reproduction of social control: a study of prison workers at San Quentin. New York: Praeger, 1988. ISBN 0-275-92818-7.
  • Tannenbaum, Judith. Disguised as a poem: my years teaching poetry at San Quentin. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000. ISBN 1-55553-453-8.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Quentin State Prison.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Quentin_Rehabilitation_Center&oldid=1257900663"